Before handling and using dry ice it is important to understand its properties and potential hazards, and familiarise yourself with actions to take in an emergency
Hazards
asphyxiation - In high concentrations sublimed vapour may cause asphyxiation. 10kg of dry ice sublimes into about 5.4 m3 of carbon dioxide gas
extreme cold - Contact with dry ice can cause cold burns and frostbite
Properties
dry ice is carbon dioxide in solid state
chemical formula is CO2
a translucent, white solid; at normal temperatures sublimes directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase
non-flammable
temperature of dry ice is -78ºC
asphyxiant
colourless gas with a slightly pungent odour which is only detectable in high concentrations
Tips
do not handle dry ice with bare hands; it can cause severe cold burns and frostbite
before using dry ice in any area, establish the risks involved
ensure you consider the potential of creating an atmosphere with a high concentration of carbon dioxide near the ground
only experienced and properly instructed people should handle dry ice
do not remove or deface any product labels
know and understand the properties of dry ice
establish emergency plans
always seek professional advice on suitable ventilation systems
use carbon dioxide monitors to warn of ventilation problems
never play games with dry ice
always keep dry ice away from children
water on solid CO2 increases sublimation with a corresponding higher risk of asphyxiation
always wear eye protection and heavily insulated gloves suitable for the extreme cold temperature of dry ice
dispose of dry ice in a well ventilated area away from the public. Do not discharge into any place where its accumulation could be dangerous